Male dog licking female dog privates, If you're conce...
Male dog licking female dog privates, If you're concerned about your dog's licking If a male dog licks a female dog’s urine, it can serve as a form of social interaction and communication. Does your dog hump? Mounting, thrusting (humping) and masturbation are normal behaviors exhibited by most dogs, and dogs do this in various ways. It is important to address this behavior to ensure the health This little dog is constantly licking his boy's bits and his frustrated owners are out of ideas! Both pleasure and pain are contributing to Toby's strange ad Why Do Dogs Lick Their Private Areas If you’re training a dog and wondering why dogs lick their private areas, this Video provides an overview of the important things you need to know. Male dogs lick female private parts primarily to gather scent information and communicate reproductive status. This may seem like a strange thing for them to do, but there are actually several reasons why they might do it. In conclusion, if your female dog is licking her private area excessively, it’s essential to address the underlying cause to provide relief and improve her overall well-being. While grooming is a natural instinct for Can I stop my dog from licking at home? Use a cone collar or pet recovery suit to prevent licking and clean the area gently with pet-safe products. Learn why dogs lick their genitals, when it's normal, and when to seek vet care to address underlying issues. However, excessive or 15. Learn the reasons behind this behavior and how to address it. Licking their private parts is a way of gathering information about their reproductive status. Should I be worried if my male dog only licks other male dogs’ privates and not female dogs? No, this behavior is not necessarily indicative of any specific preference or orientation in male dogs. By consulting with a vet, exploring natural remedies, and Discover this zoophilia video where a female dog licks a man's private parts. Male dogs may be more inclined to lick each Gender Differences: Male dogs are more likely to constantly lick their privates compared to female dogs. They learn things about each other through their senses, including taste, and Male dogs may engage in licking female dogs for a couple of reasons. While occasional licking is normal, excessive licking Male dogs licking each other’s privates is a behavior that can sometimes be confusing or even concerning for dog owners. In conclusion, male dogs licking other male dogs’ private areas can be a complex behavior with various underlying reasons. This could be due to the fact that male dogs have a longer genital area that requires more grooming. Collection contains clips: dog fucks woman, girl porn with dog, homemade pet porn, canine and female sex Overview: This article will explore the common reasons behind a male dog licking a female dog’s privates, including: Sexual Interest: This is the most common reason, especially if the female dog is It’s important to consider each dog as an individual and address behavior issues accordingly. Wondering why dogs lick each other? Discover the reasons behind this common behavior, from social bonding to grooming and communication between dogs. Concern: Can dogs develop health issues from licking each other’s privates? Answer: While licking each other’s privates is a natural behavior for dogs, there is a risk of transmitting infections or Learn why dogs lick their privates, what's normal behavior, and when to seek care for excessive licking. One such behavior that often raises eyebrows is licking each other's genitals. 15. In the dog world, a moderate amount of licking is part of normal grooming behavior. Conclusion While some genital licking is normal for dogs, knowing when this behavior crosses into problematic territory is crucial for your pet's health. Understanding the reasons behind this behavior Female Dog Excessively Licking Privates — Why It Happens When a female dog excessively licks her privates, it’s usually a response to irritation, discomfort, or changes in her reproductive or urinary Dogs licking their privates is a common behavior that often raises questions and concerns for pet owners. Here are the In summary, the behavior of female dogs licking male dogs’ privates may seem strange or concerning to us as pet owners, but it’s actually a natural behavior for dogs. As Female dogs, like males, typically lick their privates to clean themselves, for instance, after peeing or pooping. The Veterinarian's Assistant chat Customer: My male dog constantly licks my spayed female dog's bottom area and ears. By understanding the reasons behind this behavior and monitoring their dogs’ In the canine world, licking another dog 's privates is a sign of submission and respect. While it may seem strange or inappropriate to us humans, there are Genital licking isn’t really a part of dog’s sexual behavior, it’s caretaking (in this case) or just social. Find out the reasons why your dog might lick their genitals, what are the signs of excessive licking , and Learn how to stop this dog behavior. In summary, the behavior of a male dog licking a female dog’s privates can be complex and multifaceted. These are common in female dogs because they have shorter urethras than male dogs. ” Have you noticed your female dog licking her privates more than usualIt's not uncommon for dogs to groom themselves, but excessive licking in that area could Female dogs may lick their private areas more frequently than males due to their reproductive cycle. It helps prevent any other male dogs from trying to take over their territory or mate. Read on to learn more about why your dog licks their private parts and when the What equals “excessive” really depends on the circumstances, the dog’s behavior, as well as the duration of the smelling and licking. UTIs: another common reason a female dog may lick her privates is that she has a UTI (urinary tract infection). While it may seem strange or even concerning to some, Dogs explore the world with their ears, eyes, and also their mouths. Remember, while some licking is Dogs are known for their quirky behaviors, but one that can leave owners scratching their heads is when their female dog keeps licking her privates. Should I be concerned if my male dog is licking a female dog’s private area? If your male dog’s licking A male dog licking a female dog’s privates would not be to specifically target a medical problem, however, dogs are use their sense of smell to gather information about other dogs. Canines In summary, female dogs licking each other’s privates is a natural behavior that serves a variety of purposes, including grooming, social bonding, and dominance. In some cases, a male dog may display dominance by engaging in behaviors such as licking the privates of another dog, particularly a When you see a dog licking another dog’s private parts, it is actually a healthy and normal dog social behavior – just a kind of polite getting-acquainted through grooming and scent of one In some cases, male dogs may also lick each other’s privates as a form of grooming. Concern: Should I be concerned if my dog is licking their privates excessively? Answer: If you notice your dog licking their privates excessively to the point of irritation or redness, it’s important to address In conclusion, female dogs licking their privates is a common behavior that can serve various purposes, from grooming to seeking relief from discomfort. While occasional licking is normal behavior for dogs, excessive licking can be a cause for concern. In summary, if your male dog keeps licking your female dog, it is important to monitor the behavior and address any underlying issues that may be contributing to the licking. One common explanation is that it is a form of social bonding and communication between One of their baffling habits is licking other dogs on different parts of the body, from faces to ears down to their privates. This can be a cause for concern for many pet owners, as they may worry One such behavior is male dogs licking the privates of other male dogs. Veterinary care is needed to treat the underlying cause. Understand causes, signs, and when to see a vet. For example, a male or female dog may lick the genital area after urinating to clean the area. It could also be due to medical If your dog is licking her private area excessively, you may be wondering what is going on and what you can do to make her feel Possible causes or facts There are several reasons why a male dog may lick another male dog’s privates. In summary, if your female dog is constantly licking her privates, it’s important to address this behavior to ensure her health and well-being. However, excessive licking or persistent Discover the reasons behind your male dog's behaviour of licking your female dog's privates, including natural instincts, health checks, and social interactions. One of the most common reasons why a male dog may repeatedly lick another male dog 's privates is to assert dominance. A male dog licking its penis or a female licking her vagina, there's no discrimination here! But what does it mean? Why do dogs lick their private areas? Is there a difference between male and female dogs when it comes to licking a person’s private area? Both male and female dogs may engage in licking behavior as a way to communicate and express In summary, if you notice that your female dog is licking her privates excessively, it’s important to investigate the underlying cause to ensure your dog’s health and well-being. Dogs engaging in self-licking, including licking their privates, is a common behavior observed in canines. i am 100% serious, can i get an infection or disease from this? am i actually in danger of getting harmed? Another reason male dogs might lick another male dog’s privates is because they are trying to get access to the other dog’s urine. This can be more common between male and female dogs during mating, where the act of licking may serve as a way of stimulating the genitals and increasing the chances of successful mating. This is especially important for female dogs, who can use this information to decide whether or not to So, if you notice your intact female dog licking her privates frequently and intensely, check for vulvar swelling and bloody discharge. While it may seem like a strange habit to us humans, it is actually quite normal for dogs to engage in this Does your dog obsessively lick other dogs? Why do they lick each others' privates, ears, and mouths? Find out some explanations for this odd behavior. Crotch licking is a perfectly natural dog behavior most of the time, but it can also be a sign of a health problem. Learn how to treat a female dog licking her privates too often. It can also indicate stress or anxiety. Female Dog Licking Genital Area Genital licking is one of those behaviors that sits right on the line between normal self-care and a red flag for medical problems. Male dogs often lick the private parts of female dogs as a natural behavior that is related to their instinctive drive to mate. It’s a healthy form of socialization for dogs and they can learn Male dogs licking their private areas is a common behavior that many pet owners have observed. However, when a male dog constantly licks a female dog, it can be a sign of underlying issues that need to be addressed. In addition to cleaning their legs and body, both male and female dogs will also lick their genital areas to remove dirt, discharge, Common misconceptions pet owners may have One common misconception that pet owners may have is that female dogs only lick male dogs’ privates for sexual reasons. As mentioned, while licking pee, the . When should I seek veterinary attention for my male dog’s licking behavior? If your male dog is licking his privates excessively, to the point where it interferes with his daily activities or causes Learn why dogs lick their privates, what's normal behavior, and when to seek care for excessive licking. The important thing is finding the underlying cause and treating it as soon as possible. Dominance and submission: One possible explanation for why male dogs lick female dogs is related to dominance and submission. There may be an underlying medical condition causing this behavior, and Male dogs licking other male dogs' privates is a normal social behavior, not a challenge for them. However, when a male dog licks a female dog’s ear Conclusion: Understanding and Managing Dog Licking Behavior In conclusion, dog licking behavior is a natural behavior that can serve many purposes. Concern: What should I do if my male dog is licking his privates excessively? Answer: If you notice that your dog is licking his privates excessively, it is important to take him to the vet for a thorough In the dog world, a moderate amount of licking is part of normal grooming behavior. Anal glands are located near the rectum and can become impacted or infected, causing Most Relevant Short Videos for videos of white american man licking a on ZooSkool Videos - Bestiality sex. It’s not just for shock value or to annoy their owners. We outline the common causes of a dog excessively licking their privates, what you can do at home, and when to Overview of the topic Dogs are known for their peculiar behaviors, and licking is a common behavior observed in many canine companions. Should I be concerned if my male dog is constantly licking his privates? Male dogs may lick their genitals for grooming purposes, but excessive licking in this area could indicate a medical issue that Dogs have been known to lick themselves a lot. 13. When a dog licks your private area, it could be due to several Learn why dogs lick their genitals, when it's normal, and when to seek vet care to address underlying issues. Sure, it's a bit awkward, but In conclusion, boy dogs licking girl dogs’ privates is a common behavior among dogs that serves a variety of purposes, including grooming, communication, and establishing dominance. Customer: My female dog keeps licking my male dog's genitals. Get expert guidance for your pet. Differences between male and female behaviors Male and female dogs don’t just have different physical traits; their licking behaviors can vary quite a bit too. Stallions fuck young lesbians, strong suck at the big dogs their huge cocks own narrow. Why Does My Dog Lick My Puppy’s Privates? There are a few different reasons why your dog is licking other dog’s private areas. Whether it is for dominance and submission, social bonding, Common misconceptions pet owners may have One common misconception that pet owners may have regarding a male dog licking a female dog is that it’s purely a display of affection. What can I do to help my dog stop licking her privates excessively? Consulting with a professional, such as a veterinarian or behaviorist, can help determine the best course of action to address your The behavior of male dogs licking the privates of other male dogs may seem puzzling to many pet owners, but it is actually a common form of social interaction and communication in the canine world. However, Bacterial inflammation can occur in both male and female dogs, but female dogs are at higher risk for bacterial bladder infections. What could this indicate? Answered by Jane Lefler in 5 mins 18 years ago This article explains why dogs lick their private parts, differentiates between normal dog licking vagina behavior and abnormal behavior, and provides guidance on how to address the abnormal licking 12. Gender differences: Male dogs may be more likely to lick their private areas as a way to mark their territory, while female dogs may be more likely to lick for hygiene purposes. Why Is My Dog Licking Her Private Area So Much Dogs lick their private areas as part of their normal grooming behavior, especially after urinating or defecating to clean the area. A female dog licking her privates more than usual can indicate various underlying issues, ranging from minor irritations to more serious health conditions. Is it normal for female dogs to lick their private area after urinating? Answer: It is normal for dogs to clean themselves after urinating, but if your female dog is licking excessively or showing signs of Veterinarian Rebecca MacMillan answers why dogs lick each other’s private areas and whether you need to be concerned about this behavior. The simplest reason is that it is part of their grooming. To prevent your female dog from licking her private area excessively, it is essential to address the underlying cause of the behavior and provide a comfortable and distraction-free environment. There are some simple ways to stop that behavior but first, why In summary, if your male dog keeps licking his private area, it’s important to pay attention to any signs of irritation or discomfort. That is why you usually see them licking everything. Keep your dog’s living area clean to prevent infections. While it may seem instinctual or habitual, there’s often more to “Male dogs may lick their private parts more frequently than female dogs due to the presence of scent glands in that area. In this post, we’ll why does my male dog lick other dogs private areas (Explained) 15. For example, a male or female dog may lick the genital area after urinating to Learn more about whydogs try to lick your privates, how common it is, and what you can do about it. It’s a way dogs can meet and greet each other and it’s similar to how humans shake hands, hug or Female dogs licking their privates is a natural behavior that serves several purposes. Male dogs licking their private parts is a common behavior that can leave many pet owners wondering why their furry friends engage in this activity. In conclusion, dogs licking each other’s privates is a normal and natural behavior that serves a variety of purposes within the canine world. Male dogs licking their privates is a behavior that many pet owners witness on a regular basis. Bestiality legal forever. Understanding these factors can help shed light on 15. Consider the relationship 00:21I love to swallow my dog's hot cum75% 01:30Two woman, two man and a dog having sex70% 00:53Dog fucking in hot tight ass100% 00:32Blonde loving dog cock88% 05:48Ebony girl riding a stiff Overview of Genital Licking in Dogs Dogs like to keep themselves clean. While it might seem strange or even embarrassing, it’s usually a normal and healthy part of Can male dogs lick each other’s privates as a form of communication? Yes, male dogs may lick each other’s privates as a form of communication, especially to gather information about the other dog’s Learn how to treat a female dog licking her privates too often. It may be driven by a variety of factors including dominance, affection, stress, or By licking a female’s genital area, a male dog can detect changes in scent and other physical indications that the female is in heat and ready to mate. Dogs If you've noticed your female dog constantly licking her private area, you may be wondering what's going on. While it's normal for dogs to groom themselves, Common misconceptions pet owners may have One common misconception among pet owners is that female dogs licking their privates is always a normal behavior. For example, a male or female dog may lick the genital area after urinating to So if that is the case, why do dogs lick other dogs’ private parts? Dogs that lick other dogs’ privates are showing normal dog communication. Dogs use urine as a way to communicate and leaving their scent on Is your male dog licking your female dog's privates a lot? A trusted vet explains potential reasons like heat, UTI, or vaginitis. You may be wondering why this behavior is happening and if it is normal. You might wonder why they engage in this act. Garcia, a reproductive specialist, notes, “Female dogs in heat may exhibit increased licking of their privates as a natural response to the changes happening in their bodies. As a dog owner, it’s not uncommon to catch your furry friend licking their privates from time to time. While this behavior may seem One key indication of loss of bladder control is seemingly obsessive and nonstop licking of the genital region — the penis in male dogs, and the vulva in female dogs. Girls taste horse cum, pertest deflorated by dog, homemade beast porn - bestiality is normal. Persistent licking of the genitals can indicate discomfort or an underlying medical issue. While it may seem like a strange or even embarrassing behavior, it’s essential to understand that Male dogs licking other male dogs’ privates is a behavior that can be influenced by various factors, including socialization and environmental stimuli. Learn why dogs lick their privates, what's normal behavior, and when to seek care for excessive licking. In this article, we will delve into the possible causes of this behavior, common Rule 34 - 1boy :>= abs after fellatio after sex after vaginal ahe gao ai generated all fours anus areola slip arm behind back arm grab arm held back armpits arms around neck arms behind back arms up artist Watch dog porn videos and dog woman sex movies. The fact that they do this in public can make their owners feel uncomfortable, but dogs do lick their private How do I know if my male dog wants to mate? How do I get my male dog to leave my female dog alone? Why does my dog’s mouth shake after licking other dog’s privates? Why do dogs smell human Discover why your female dog licking her privates more than usual is a cause for concern, and what you can do to address the issue. Dogs are known for their curious and sometimes quirky behaviors, but one behavior that can leave dog owners scratching their heads is when their dog becomes obsessed with licking other dogs’ privates. Introduction: Decoding Canine Licking Dogs communicate and explore their world primarily through Zooskool videos could find a thousands free bestiality videos, hot zoo porn and everthing around the zoophilia world. While this It’s important to have your dog evaluated by a professional to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. Dogs lick themselves to groom, but if your female dog ever starts spending a bit too much time on her private parts, it can indicate that she may be having a physical problem. Dogs have a hierarchical social structure, and licking another dog 's privates can Conclusion: Understanding and Managing Dog Licking Behavior In conclusion, dog licking behavior is a natural behavior that can serve many purposes. Discover the reasons behind your male dog's behaviour of licking your female dog's privates, including natural instincts, health checks, and social interactions. This behavior is a normal part of a dog’s grooming routine. This behavior is also a way for male dogs to determine if a female is in heat Conclusion: The Natural and Normal Behavior of Canines In conclusion, male dogs licking female dogs’ private areas is a natural and normal behavior that is part of the canine mating process. Find out why your dog keeps licking his private area in this vet approved guide. In fact, the act of dogs licking their privates is so common that it’s often considered a normal Short answer why does my male dog keep licking my female dog: Male dogs may lick female dogs as a sign of affection, to assert dominance or to express sexual interest. In summary, female dogs licking their private area is a common behavior that Licking another male dog’s genitals can also communicate that the dog is the alpha in the pack. This behavior can be attributed to several reasons, including grooming, relaxation, and medical issues. While licking can be Is licking private parts ever acceptable? In the dog world, a moderate amount of licking is part of normal grooming behavior. During heat, females produce pheromones that may attract males, leading to increased licking activity. Cultivating a rich film culture enhances personal life and As a dog owner, it can be quite a shock to witness one male dog licking another male dog’s privates. While it may seem strange or even concerning to some, there are actually several reasons why male dogs In conclusion, dogs licking their private parts is a common behavior that can serve several purposes, including grooming, hygiene, and self-soothing. How to stop my dog licking his privates? If your dog licks his privates, it is not One common behavior that many dog owners have observed is their dog constantly licking their private area, especially male dogs. By Male dogs have an instinct to sniff others. By consulting with a veterinarian and addressing any underlying issues, you Common causes for female dogs licking their privates excessively The reasons for female puppies licking their genitalia can range from normal grooming activities to both medical and simply – Dogs might also lick their privates during periods of hormonal changes, such as when females are in heat or males are displaying What to Do If Your Male Dog Is Excessively Licking His Privates Start by checking your dog’s genital area for obvious signs like redness, swelling, wounds, or parasites. I see many owners worry that any However, dogs might lick their privates for reasons we don’t know about, and one of them could potentially be pleasure. There are Short answer: Why does my dog lick my other dog’s penis: Dogs engage in licking behavior as a means of social communication and grooming. Female dogs can also lick their privates more frequently when in heat. Licking the genital area is common among dogs to establish If your dog continues to lick excessively, you may need to use an Elizabethan collar or other barrier to prevent them from accessing their private parts. By engaging in this behavior, male dogs are showing that they recognize the other dog as dominant and are willing In the dog world, a moderate amount of licking is part of normal grooming behavior. What to Do to Prevent Your Dog From Licking the Other Dogs’ Privates? Too much of anything is bad, and so is your dog’s Anal gland issues Both female and male dogs often lick their anus to keep it clean, but sometimes they do so because they have a problem. Could there be something wrong with her? He's 7 Learn how to treat a female dog licking her privates too often. Conclusion: Self-Licking is Normal for Male Dogs In Excessive licking: If your dog is constantly licking his privates, it could be a sign of an anal gland problem. Male dogs will lick their penis and female dogs will lick their vulva and both sexes will lick their anus. Enhance Dog Interactions Today! Male dogs licking other male dogs’ privates is a common behavior that raises eyebrows. Have you ever seen male dogs lick their penis and female dogs lick their vulva? Well, there are plenty of possible reasons why they do this. Is your dog licking their private parts too much? Learn what's normal, what signals a problem, and when to see the vet in this detailed guide. This behavior is entirely natural and If your male dog is licking your female dog’s privates excessively, it’s important to consult with a veterinarian. Licking is a natural behavior for dogs, used for grooming, showing affection, and even gathering information about their surroundings. It is a way for them to clean themselves, alleviate itchiness or discomfort, and even provide comfort. Why does my male dog keep licking my female dog? It makes me feel embarrassed. However, when a male dog licks a female dog’s ear Why Does My Dog Lick His Privates The act of a dog licking its privates, also known as genital licking, can stem from a multitude of reasons. They include social grooming, attempting to Male dogs use their sense of smell to locate females in heat, and licking their private parts allows them to pick up these pheromones and determine whether the female is ready to mate. Conclusion While some genital licking is normal for dogs, knowing when this behavior crosses into problematic territory is crucial for your 14. For more information on pet health, you can visit resources like the American Veterinary Medical Association. While some licking is normal behavior for dogs, “A female dog licking her private area may be a normal grooming behavior, but if it becomes excessive or is accompanied by other symptoms such as redness, swelling, or discharge, it’s important to have Learn why dog excessive licking of genital area happens, when it’s a health concern, and how to address it—featuring expert guidance and care options from Hidden Brook Veterinary. It is important for pet owners to observe their dog’s behavior, monitor for any Female dogs may lick their private area constantly due to a variety of reasons, including hygiene, medical issues, or behavioral problems. Dogs have glands on both sides of their anus, and licking this Is licking private parts ever acceptable? In the dog world, a moderate amount of licking is part of normal grooming behavior. Concern: Will my male dog lose interest in licking other male dogs’ privates as he gets older? Answer: As dogs age, their behavior may change, but licking each other’s privates is a natural and Film enthusiasm transcends passive watching to active engagement by building community, attending festivals, and appreciating diverse cinema. It may be driven by a variety of factors including dominance, affection, stress, or Discover why does my male dog keep licking my female dog. Funny story (to me, at least) - our rescue puppy was weaned too early when his mom died, and There are many reasons why your male dog might be licking his private area too much. In the case of a mother dog licking her puppies, the licking is obviously a natural and When dogs lick other dogs’ privates they are simply engaging in a normal and healthy social behavior. This article dives into why does my dog keep trying to lick my privates? and provides helpful guidance. And mainly they are found to lick themselves on their privates. Dogs use licking as a form of Does your dog's constant licking of their private area have you worried? Find out why this could be happening and how to address it. Dogs have a strong sense of smell, and licking each other’s genital area allows them to clean and scent mark one Have you ever noticed male dogs licking female dogs’ privates? Some of the information that dogs can learn by sniffing another dog’s Dogs tend to sniff or lick other dogs’ private parts when they greet, groom, submit to the dominant dog, or just out of curiosity. In this article, we will explore the science behind male dogs licking female dogs’ private parts, the role of hormones in this behavior, and the possible risks associated with it. I have listed them below: I feel so embarrassed but i need help! i let my dog lick my female areas (front). Male dogs lick the genitals of female dogs to stimulate their reproductive organs and increase the chances of successful mating. While this behavior can be 1. Learn more about this behavior. Licking can be a way for male dogs to assert their dominance over Male dogs will lick their private areas for various reasons, including pleasure, to relieve discomfort, or even as part of their sexual When a dog licks another dog’s genitals, they’re getting information about that dog’s reproductive status. While licking is a natural instinct for dogs and serves various A female dog licking her privates more than usual could be affected by their heat cycle, urinary tract infection, allergies, skin irritation or inflammation, behavioral issues, vaginal discharge, or even Overall, male dogs licking each other’s privates is a common behavior that is rooted in their social and biological instincts. If you want to know how to stop your dog from licking other dogs privates, give the dog about ten to fifteen seconds while they indulge in the act then you beckon on your dog to come to you. While this behavior is generally normal, pet owners Male dogs licking a female dog's lips and ears is typically a social or submissive behavior, signaling affection or appeasement. Dogs are fascinating creatures, and their behavior can sometimes be perplexing. Unlocking Canine Behavior: Why Does My Dog Lick Other Dogs Privates? Explore Reasons & Solutions. In summary, the behavior of a male dog licking a female dog’s privates can be complex and multifaceted. Male dogs have a natural instinct to investigate the scent of female dogs. He seems really fixated on her. In this article, we will explore the reasons why your dog may be licking her private area, as well as Why does my male dog keep licking my female dog's private area? Male dogs will often exhibit this type of behavior and mounting behavior when a female has a urinary tract infection or vaginitis as she has Why Does My Older Dog Lick My Puppy’s Privates? Strange Reasoning! If you’re a dog owner, you likely already know that your dog or puppy has some habits that are a bit curious if not downright 13. By considering factors such as 15.